Značaj rane dijagnostike oštećenja sluha kod dece

Abstract

Dobar sluh nije samo neophodan preduslov za normalan razvitak govora i usvajanje jezičkih znanja, nego je i nužan činilac psihičkog i duhovnog razvoja deteta, stoga dijagnostika nastoji da ostvari cilj u ranom otkrivanju oštećenja sluha. Cilj rada je bio da se utvrdi učestalost pojave oštećenja sluha kod novorođenčadi i dece. Ispitivanje je obuhavatilo dva uzorka. Prvi uzorak 9588 novorođenčadi, rođenih u odeljenju, neonatologije KBC Zvezdara. Drugi uzorak 133 deteta iz beogradskog dečijeg vrtića, uzrasta od 2 do 7,5 godina. Skrining sluha je sprovođen prema odgovarajućim protokolima u zavisnosi od uzrasne grupe ispitanika a nakon toga rađena je po potrebi audiološka dijagnostika. Iz grupe novorođenčadi, na audiološku procenu je upućeno 130 (1,3%). Oštećenje sluha je potvrđeno kod 12 (u 4 slučaja konduktivno i 8 senzorineuralno). Vreme postavljanja dijagnoze je bilo od između 4. i 6. meseca života. Iz grupe dece, 24 (18%) je poslato na dodatno ispitivanje a oštećenje sluha je nakon uklanjanja cerumena, potvrđeno kod 9 (6,77%) (u 8 slučajeva konduktivno i u 1 senzorineuralno). Rana dijagnostika oštećenja sluha ima za cilj ranu intervenciju. Kod kon- duktivnih nagluvosti intervencija se sprovodi medikamentoznom ili hi- ruškom terapijom. Kod senzorineuralnih nagluvosti intervencija se spro- vodi habilitacijom/ rehabilitaciju govora i jezika. Rana dijagnostika i intervencija obezbeđuju pravilan psihofiziološki razvoj dece.

Good hearing is not only a prerequisite for the normal development of speech and the acquisition of linguistic knowledge, but also a necessary factor in the child’s mental and spiritual development, therefore diagnostics needs to achieve the goal of early detection of hearing impairment. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of hearing loss in newborns and children. The test involved two samples. The first sample of 9588 neonates, born in the department of neonatology, in KBC “Zvezdara”. Another sample of 133 children from Belgrade’s kindergarten, aged 2 to 7.5 years. Hearing screening was carried out according to the appropriate protocols depending of the аgе group of subjects and then there was, if necessary, audiological diagnostics. From the group of newborns, 130 (1.3%) were sent to the audiological evaluation. Hearing loss was confirmed in 12 (in 4 cases, conductive and 8 sensorineural). The time of diagnosis was between the 4th and 6th month of life. From the group of children, 24 (18%) were sent for supplemental examination and hearing loss after removal of cerumen, confirmed at 9 (6.77%) (in 8 cases conductive and in 1 sensorineural). Early diagnosis of hearing damage is aimed at early intervention. In conduction disorders, intervention is medical or surgical therapy. In sensorineural disorders intervention is habilitation / rehabilitation of speech and language. Early diagnosis and intervention ensure the proper psychophysiological development of children.