Tactile and motor functions and perception of shapes, relations and spatial relations by blind children

Abstract

The basic aim of the paper is to establish the success rate of blind children in perceiving shapes, relations and spatial relations in relation to the development of their tactile and motor functions. The study encompassed a sample of 95 visually impaired subjects. The tests used include: a) The adapted test of Marianne Frostig, subtests: perception of constancy of shapes, perception of position in space and perception of spatial relations, b) Luria Nebraska neuropsychological battery for children (LNNB-C): The Scale for assessing motor functions ('C1') and The Scale for assessing tactile functions ('C3'). The study results showed that blind children obtain the best results on the subtest on the perception of their position in space, then on the subtest for perceiving spatial relations. The lowest results were acquired on the subtest for perceiving the constancy of shapes in space. The study results showed that harmoniously developed tactile and motor functions have a direct influence on the higher achievement of results on the tactile perception of the constancy of forms, position in space and spatial relations on an embossed picture.

Osnovni cilj rada je utvrđivanje uspešnosti slepe dece u percepciji oblika, relacija i prostornih odnosa prema razvijenosti taktilnih i motornih funkcija. Istraživanje smo sproveli na uzorku od 95 ispitanika sa oštećenjem vida. Koristili smo sledeće testove: adaptirani test Marianne Frostig, subtestove: Opažanje stalnosti oblika, Opažanje položaja u prostoru i Opažanje prostornih odnosa i Lurija-Nebraska neuropsihološku bateriju za decu: Skalu za procenu motornih funkcija ('C1') i Skalu za procenu taktilnih funkcija ('C3'). Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da slepa deca postižu najbolje rezultate na subtestu opažanje položaja u prostoru, a zatim na subtestu opažanje prostornih odnosa. Najslabiji rezultat su ostvarila na subtestu opažanje stalnosti oblika u prostoru. Analizom dobijenih podataka utvrdili smo da skladno razvijene taktilne i motorne funkcije utiču da slepa deca ostvare bolje postignuće u taktilnom opažanju stalnosti oblika, položaja u prostoru i prostornih odnosa na reljefnoj slici.