Povezanost poremećaja ponašanja u detinjstvu i kriminalnog ponašanja u odraslom dobu

Abstract

Cilj ovog rada je kritički pregled empirijskih podataka o povezanosti poremećaja ponašanja u detinjstvu i kriminalnog ponašanja u odraslom dobu. Dosadašnja istraživanja konzistentno pokazuju da većina odraslih prestupnka ima istoriju poremećaja ponašanja u detinjstvu, ali da deca sa poremećajima ponašanja postaju hronični prestupnici u manje od 50% slučajeva. Ovi nalazi sugerišu da nisu svi tipovi poremećaja ponašanja jednako značajni za razvoj kriminalnog ponašanja u odraslom dobu i da postoje podgrupe dece sa poremećajem ponašanja kod kojih je rizik kasnijeg kriminalnog ponašanja veći. Pregled literature otkriva različite pristupe u objašnjavanju povezanosti između poremećaja ponašanja i kriminala: poremećaj ponašanja je jedan od najvažnijih faktora rizika kasnijeg kriminalnog ponašanja; problematična ponašanja u detinjstvu su prvi korak u razvojnoj progresiji antisocijalnog ponašanja, a faktori rizika određuju kod koje dece će doći do progresije od poremećaja ponašanja do kriminala. Novije studije pružaju dokaze o postojanju različitih razvojnih putanja poremećaja ponašanja i otkrivaju da poremećaj ponašanja sa početkom u detinjstvu ima najlošiju dugoročnu prognozu. Štaviše, neki autori su ustanovili jedinstvene podtipove poremećaja ponašanja u okviru razvojne trajektorije sa početkom u detinjstvu i, što je još važnije, karakteristike podgrupe dece sa najtežim i najstabilnijim obrascem antisocijalnog ponašanja. Diskusija je usmerena na dve najvažnije implikacije ovih nalaza za istraživanja i praksu: prvo, razumevanje razvoja poremećaja ponašanja je presudno za unapređivanje znanja o poreklu kriminalnog ponašanja i drugo, prevencija i tretman poremećaja ponašanja mogu efektivno redukovati pojavu kriminalnog ponašanja u odraslom dobu

The purpose of this artic/e is to critically review the empirical data on the relationship between conduct disorder in childhood and criminal behavior in adulthood. Previous research consistently demonstrated that most adult offenders have a history of conduct disorder in childhood, but that children with conduct disorder become chronic offenders in less than 50% of the cases. These results suggest that not ali types of conduct disorder appear equally relevant for the development of criminal behavior in adulthood and that there are subgroups of ch i/dren with conduct disorder who are at increased risk for later criminal behavior. Literature review reveals different approaches in explanation of the relationship between child conduct disorder and adult crime: conduct disorder is one of the most important risk factors of later crime behavior; child problem behavior is the first step in developmental progression of antisocial behavior, and riskfactors influence which ch i/dren make the transition from conduct disorder to crime. Recent studies have provided evidence for the existence of different developmental pathways of conduct disorder and found that the childhood-onset type of conduct disorder have the most negative long-term prognosis. Furthermore, some authors have identified the unique subtypes of conduct disorder within the childhood-onset pathway and, more importantly, characteristics of the subgroup of children who exhibit the most severe and stable pattern of antisocial behavior. Discussion focuses on two major implications of these findings far research and practice: first - understanding the development of conduct disorder is crucial far improving knowledge on the origins of eri me, and second - the prevention and treatment of conduct disorders can effectively reduce the occurrence of criminal behavior in adulthood.