Procena gramatičkog znanja dece predškolskog uzrasta korišćenjem TROG testa - preliminarno istraživanje

Abstract

The research goal was to identify the characteristics of grammar comprehension abilities in preschool children and to investigate whether certain factors impact the level of acquisition of grammar knowledge among these children. The research was conducted on a sample of 102 children (56 boys and 46 girls), age 4-6. For the purpose of this research, the children were grouped in four groups, with a five-month age interval among them. The Test for the Reception of Grammar (TROG) was used for assessing the acquisition of grammar knowledge. The research results indicate that there are statistically significant differences in the level of acquisition of grammatical abilities relative to children's age (F (3.98)=5.48; p=0.002; ƞ2 =0.14). By analysing the obtained data, we identified statistically significant differences in the achievement on applied tasks between the youngest group of children and other groups, where older children had higher scores (p lt 0.05). On the other hand, no statistically significant differences were identified between boys and girls in terms of achievement (t (100)=-0.968; p=0.335; d=0.22). Contrary to our expectations, no statistically significant differences were observed in the summary score on TROG test relative to mothers' level of education. The research results show that statistically significant differences are present only in the level of achievement of the children whose mothers have high school or college education, to the advantage of mothers with college education (p=0.009). More significant results were obtained in the same variable, where fathers' education is viewed as an impact (F (3.98)=2.90, p=0.039, ƞ2=0.081).

Cilj istraživanja je utvrđivanje karakteristika gramatičkih sposobnosti kod dece predškolskog uzrasta, kao i da li određeni faktori utiču na usvojenost gramatičkog znanja kod ove grupe dece. Istraživanje je sprovedeno na uzorku od sto dva deteta (pedeset šest dečaka i četrdeset šest devojčica), uzrasta od četiri do šest godina. Za potrebe istraživanja deca su podeljena u četiri grupe, sa uzrasnim intervalom između grupa od pet meseci. U istraživanju je za procenu usvojenosti gramatičkog znanja korišćen Test razumevanja gramatike - TROG. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da postoje statistički značajne razlike u usvojenosti gramatičkih sposobnosti u odnosu na uzrast dece (F (3.98)=5.48; p=0.002; ƞ2 =0.14). Analizom dobijenih rezultata utvrđene su statistički značajne razlike u postignuću na primenjenim zadacima između najmlađe grupe dece i ostalih uzrasnih grupa, u korist starije dece (p lt 0.05). Sa druge strane, nisu utvrđene statistički značajne razlike u postignuću između dečaka i devojčica (t (100)=-0.968; p=0.335; d=0.22). Suprotno našim očekivanjima, nisu utvrđene statistički značajne razlike u sumarnom skoru TROG testa u odnosu na obrazovni nivo majki. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da statistički značajne razlike postoje samo između postignuća dece majki sa srednjim i visokim nivoom obrazovanja, u korist visokoobrazovanih majki (p=0.009). Značajnije rezultate uočavamo na istoj varijabli kada kao uticaj posmatramo obrazovanje oca (F (3.98)=2.90, p=0.039, ƞ2=0.081).